992.4.28 Shared Decision-Making 共享式決策

Shared Decision-Making. ERIC Digest, Number 87.

WHICH ISSUES SHOULD SDM GROUPS FOCUS ON?

SDM的工作團隊應該聚焦在哪些議題上？

One of the most difficult areas for many schools is not who should be involved in SDM and how, but what areas should be addressed. Allen and Glickman encourage schools to pick a single, uncomplicated issue, then slowly build on the number and complexity of issues. Many schools get bogged down in what Allen and Glickman term "zero-impact" issues, such as lunchroom supervision or bus duties topics that may affect teachers' lives but don't have significant educational impact.

對許多學校來說決定SDM的成員或者如何參與SDM並不是最困難的部分，而是要提出要討論的議題為何。Allen and Glickman鼓勵學校選擇單一且不複雜的議題，然後慢慢地建立議題的深度與廣度。很多學校因為Allen and Glickman這個團隊所提出的“零衝擊”的議題而陷入動彈不得的狀況中，像是午餐餐廳的管理或是公車責任議題，這些都是會影響老師的生活但是又沒有很重要的教育影響。

Peggy Kirby (1992) suggests that SDM teams will be more likely to focus on issues of greater significance when minor faculty concerns are resolved first. Knowledge plays a part, too, as Kirby found that groups who "risk resolving school-wide instructional concerns" are more successful when they thoroughly investigate alternatives, disseminate this information to others, and analyze consequences before making decisions.

Kirby建議，當少數員工關心的議題優先被解決時，SDM小組應該聚焦在更重要的議題。知識也是其中一部分，當他們全面地去研究另一種方案，宣傳這個資訊給其他人，還有在做決定之前先分析後果的時候，Kirby發現SDM中的成員願意去“冒險解決全校教育的重要課題”比較多會成功。

SDM is neither a panacea for all of America's educational problems nor a "quick fix." Lange emphasizes that this "valuable resource" must be viewed in the context of restructuring, as a piece of the larger puzzle that hopefully will produce change in our schools.

SDM對全美國的教育問題來說，既不是一個特效藥也不是一個“快速的治療方法”。Lange強調在重建的背景中SDM小組應該被視為“有價值的資源”，像是一個大拼圖中其中的一塊，將會在我們的學校中有希望的製造出改變。

#分享做決策小組如何在各個學校中發揮真正的效用，而且未來要去關心應該要更傾向有更強大重要性的議題應該先被解決當比較少員工去關心的議題，而不是去關心比較不重要的課題，…….