Conflict Resolution Education: Four Approaches 衝突解決教育：四種方法

Conflict Resolution Education: Four Approaches 衝突解決教育：四種方法

Evaluations of the impact of the Resolving Conflict Creatively Program (RCCP) in four multiracial, multiethnic school districts in New York City showed that 84 percent of teachers who responded to a survey reported positive changes in classroom climate, 71 percent reported moderate or significant decreases in physical violence in the classroom, and 66 percent observed less name-calling and few verbal insults. More than 98 percent of respondents said that mediation gave children a significant tool for handling conflicts.

有關創造地解決衝突的價值

Program (RCCP)在紐約四所多人種的和多民族的學校區的結果顯示出大約百分之八十四的老師們在一份問卷中表示在教室的氣氛中有正面積極的改變，百分之七十一顯示出在教室中生理上的暴力有節制或是明顯的減少，還有百分之六十六觀察出越來越少的辱罵和較少的口頭羞辱。更有超過百分之九十八的回答的人說調解是小孩們在處理衝突時一項重要的工具。

CONFLICT RESOLUTION EDUCATION 衝突解決教育

According to the "Conflict Resolution Education" report, the purposes of conflict resolution are to provide an environment in which "each learner can feel physically and psychologically free from threats and danger and can find opportunities to work and learn with others for the mutual achievement of all. The diversity of the school's population is respected and celebrated."

根據”解決衝突教育”的報告中，解決衝突的目的是提供一個環境，這個環境對每一個學習者來說，不管是在生理上或心理上從困難和危險當中都可以感到很自由的環境，而且可以為了大家成熟的成果，學習者是可以找到機會來和別人一起同工，一起學習的。學校多元化的人口比例是值得尊敬和慶祝的。

The report offers negotiation, mediation, and consensus of decision making as the three essential processes of conflict resolution. It goes on to define four basic approaches to conflict resolution education:

這個報告把溝通，協調，和很多的決策決定視為在解決衝突中三個很重要的過程。接下來會定義在解決衝突教育中四個基本的方法。

·         Process Curriculum. This approach is characterized by teaching conflict resolution as a separate course, a distinct curriculum, or a daily lesson plan.

·         教育過程---這個方法的特徵是教育課程在教導解決衝突中是一個獨立的課程，一個不同的教育，或是一份一整天的教學計畫。

·         Mediation Program. Selected individuals (adults and/or students) are trained in the principles of conflict resolution and mediation to provide neutral third-party input to assist others in reaching resolution to a conflict

·         調解計畫---在解決衝突的原則當中，選擇獨立的個體(成人和/或學生)是必要的訓練，而且調解可以提供一個第三集會的投入在一個衝突中來增加解決，還有來幫助其他人。

·         Peaceable Classroom. This approach integrates conflict resolution education into the curriculum and classroom management strategy.

·         和平的教室---這個方法是把解決衝突教育逐漸合一的加入課程和教室管理的對策中。

·         Peaceable Schools. Built on the peaceable classroom approach, this strategy uses conflict resolution as a system for managing the school as well as the classroom. Every member of the school community, including parents, learns conflict resolution principles and processes.

·         和平的學校—這個方法是建立在和平教室方法的上面，這個策略把解決衝突利用成為一個和教室一樣的一個系統來管理學校。學校共同體的每一個成員，包含父母親，都要學習解決衝突的原則和過程。

The approaches often overlap in actual schools or other institutions. Here's a look at how each approach works in a different program.

這些方法在每一個學校或其他的機關當中通常都會有同時發生的情形。這裡可以觀看一下關於每一種方法如何在不同的方案中運作的狀況。