992.6.16 The Fundamentals of School Security 學校安全的基礎

The Fundamentals of School Security 學校安全的基礎

HOW CAN SCHOOLS ASSESS THEIR SECURITY NEEDS?
學校應該如何評估他們對防護措施的需要？

Periodic, routine security assessment can provide an objective review "without the denial often present before a serious incident or the overreaction that typically follows a crisis," says Kenneth S. Trump (1999).

“一個對於防護措施具有週期性和習慣性的評估可以提供一個「屏除在嚴重事故發生前常會有的否定或是在事故發生後典型的過度反應」的客觀的檢討。” Kenneth S.Trump，1999年說。

Checklist surveys are helpful assessment tools. Ronald D. Stephens (1995) provides model checklists covering areas ranging from physical security and procedures to emergency preparedness. George E. Richards (1997) suggests involving parents, students, law-enforcement and community representatives, and school staff in creating or adapting checklist surveys to the specific needs of a district and each of its buildings. Stephens recommends annually reviewing all aspects of a school-safety plan.

清單式的勘測是一個有助於評估的工具。Ronald D. Stephens (1995) 提供了清單的模型，當中內容包含了對於硬體設備的安全及緊急事故應對的流程。George E. Richards (1997) 建議要加入家長、學生、法律機關、民意代表以及學校員工的意見來設計符合該地區或是建築物的清單。而Stephens是建議每年檢視校園安全計畫的每一個項目。

A security assessment by an independent consultant has several advantages. An independent specialist brings objectivity and credibility as well as expertise, and can give professional validation to existing security measures as well as recommend improvements. Seeking an outside opinion demonstrates a district's openness and commitment to safety and may reduce liability (Trump). It is important to check the credentials and references of prospective consultants and make sure they are not associated with particular security product vendors (Richards, Trump).

透過獨立的顧問進行防護措施的評估有幾個好處。一個獨立專家可以帶來客觀的並且有信用的蒲估和專業的知識，也可以確認已經存在的防護措施及設備是否符合需求甚至給予改善的建議。尋找外來的一件顯是說這麼區裕的公開性和是如此忠於安全、也會減少一些負面的影響(Trump)。要確認顧問的證書和信評，並且要確定他們沒有與特定防護措的廠商有關係(Richards, Trump)。

To target security efforts where they are most needed, an analysis of school-crime data can identify patterns in crime types, locations, and perpetrators. Surveys of parents, staff, and students can yield information on unreported crimes and other problematic behaviors (Stephens).

要特別注重最有需要的防護措施，對於校園犯罪的統計資料進行分析可以指出犯罪的型態，地點，和犯罪者的類型。針對家長、學生和校院進行調查可以提供關於一些未報案件或是問題行進的資訊。

HOW CAN FACILITIES BE MADE MORE SECURE?
如何讓設備更安全？

Recent tragedies involving guns and bombs have prompted many school districts to consider adding high-tech hardware to their traditional lock-and-alarm systems.

最近牽涉到槍支與炸藥的慘案使得學校區域在考慮要將高科技的設備加如他們傳統的上鎖/警報系統。

Metal detectors are an expensive and controversial option. Their potential usefulness for a given school depends on many factors, including the severity of weapons problems, the availability of funds for staff and training, the physical design of buildings, and possible negative effects on school atmosphere.

金屬探測器是一個昂貴而且附有爭議性的選擇。它對於目前學校所提供的潛在好處包含了嚴重的武器問題、募集聘請員工或是訓練員工的經費、建築物實際的設計和可能會帶給學校的負面氛圍。

Hand-held detectors are less expensive and intrusive than walk-through models, and their portability permits random checks. They are particularly effective in keeping weapons out of events that take place in a confined space, notes National Alliance for Safe Schools Director Peter Blauvelt. Other high-tech security measures include photo ID systems, which may be tied into school computer databases, and closed-circuit television cameras (HADG 1999).

手持的偵測器比通過式的模型便宜也比較容易做詳細的檢查。它的可攜性提供作隨機檢查的選擇。尤其是想要防止武器出現在狹隘空間中時特別有效，National Alliance for Safe Schools (全國安全學校同盟) 執行長 Peter Blauvelt說到。其他高科技產品，像是照相認證系統，是可以與學校的電腦系統作連結的，或是封閉式的監視系統。