992.5.12 Data-Driven School Improvement. 以資料為導向的學校改善

Data-Driven School Improvement. 以資料為導向的學校改善

HOW CAN DATA BE USED EFFECTIVELY?

數據如何有效地被使用?

In any organization, those who possess information typically exercise a degree of power or control over those who don't. How information is to be used will affect how data-collection initiatives are perceived and then implemented.

在任何一個機構，那些擁有資訊的人會典型地練習一種權力的程度或是控制那些沒有擁有資訊的人。資訊如何被應用將會影響數據的主動收集如何的被理解然後被應用出來。

Data can be used to judge people's performance and take punitive action against underachievers, or it can be used to diagnose problems and determine the efficacy of solutions.

數據可以被用來斷定人們的表現和採取嚴苛的動作去對抗那些表現未達理想的人，或是數據也可以被用來去診斷問題和決定解決方法的成效。

Principals' "willingness to provide opportunities for information acquisition...may be tempered by their competitive notions of power which only impede the empowerment of teachers" (Peggy Kirby and Ira Bogotch 1989).

Peggy Kirby and Ira Bogotch 1989的書中提到，校長”對於取得資訊願意提貢機會的意願….可能會被他們的強大有競爭力的想法所斷練，那個想法只會被老師的活力化所阻止。

The concept of continuous improvement should be stressed. "Each data-collection cycle and its results should not be thought of as an activity with a grade...it should be thought of as information on the progress being made toward attaining the collective goal and to assist all members of the organization as they make decisions for current and future action," states Calhoun.

不斷進步的這個概念是應該被強調的。Calhoun說到,“每一個數據收集的循環還有數據本身的結果不應該被認為是一項有成績的活動，數據應該是被看做在前進的過程中被營造出的資訊，這些資訊是可以達到那個共同的目標。還有數據也可以協助機構的每一個成員，尤其是當他們對於最近的和未來的活動下決定的時候。”

Choosing a specific area of focus is also crucial. Through consultation with other staff members, whether formally or informally, the researcher needs to select a well-defined set of objectives. The data-collection cycle and subsequent action steps should be designed to address these needs. When goals of the improvement effort are clearly defined, teachers, staff, and the community will be more likely to understand and support the initiative.

 決定重點當中特定的一個領域也是很重要的。透過和其他員工成員討論出正式或非正式的結論，研究者必須選擇一套好定義的目標。數據收集的循環和後來的動作階段應該是被設計來滿足這些需要。當這些改善成果的目標被很清楚地定義時，老師，員工還有這個社區將會更容易了解和支持提出的主動的提議行動。

l          在一個機構中，資訊如何被應用將會影響數據的主動收集，還有如何被應用出來，數據的優點很多，數據可以被用來斷定人們的表現和採取嚴苛的動作去對抗那些表現未達理想的人，或是數據也可以被用來去診斷問題和決定解決方法的成效。……..